In this article, we explore how SolidWorks can be used to create 3D models of spiral surface mechanical parts through the use of typical examples. We also present practical solutions for handling gradual changes in helicoidal surfaces.
**1. Analysis of Spiral Mechanical Parts Modeling**
Spiral mechanical parts consist of a spiral body and a spiral groove. When a plane passes through the axis of the component, it cuts both the spiral body and the groove, revealing their cross-sections. This cross-section is referred to as the "axis cross-section outline." Additionally, when a plane perpendicular to the axis cuts through the part, it produces another cross-section known as the "draw profile."
The spiral solid part can be visualized as the path traced by a spiral scan along the axis or vertical section of the spiral. Similarly, the spiral groove can be seen as the result of scanning along the spiral line.
SolidWorks is a feature-based 3D modeling software that relies on outlines for its modeling process. To generate spiral features, certain elements such as pitch, number of turns, direction, and generation method must be set. There are two types of cross-sectional profiles—axial and vertical—and two methods for generating the spiral: extrusion and cut.
By using the scanning features in SolidWorks, you can generate accurate 3D models of spiral parts by setting up the appropriate parameters based on the design characteristics.
**2. Method of Modeling Spiral Mechanical Parts**
We will now discuss the process of modeling spiral parts using SolidWorks’ scanning features, with a focus on threaded components and cylindrical helical gears.
**2.1 3D Modeling of Threaded Parts**
Figure 1 shows a standard thread pattern. The axial section of the thread appears as a trapezoid after rounding the top of an equilateral triangle due to tool wear. For more complex vertical sections, it’s best to use the axial section profile as the scanning contour.
For example, when creating an M20×2.5 thread:
1. Use the Extrude command to create a cylinder with diameter d1 = 17.294 mm and height h = 30 mm.
2. Generate a spiral with a pitch of P = 2.5 mm and diameter of 17.294 mm.
3. Create a profile on a plane passing through the axis, ensuring the base of the trapezoid aligns with the intersection of the cylinder and the plane.
4. Use the Scan Cut or Scan Extrude command to generate the 3D model.
When dealing with threads that have a tapered tail, such as screw tails or gear grooves, the spiral generation method must be adjusted accordingly.
**2.2 3D Modeling of Cylindrical Helical Gears**
Using an involute helical gear as an example (see Figure 3), the tooth surface is helical, and the end face profile can be used to calculate relevant parameters. However, the axial cross-section is difficult to draw, so the end face profile is typically used instead.
Three common approaches for 3D modeling include:
1. Creating a cylindrical base from the root circle and scanning with a tooth profile.
2. Creating a cylindrical base from the addendum circle and using a slot to cut.
3. Using the end face profile directly for scanning.
The third method is often preferred for its simplicity and accuracy.
For gears with retraction structures, the groove becomes gradually shallower. A similar approach to modeling threaded tails can be applied, involving conical spirals and array operations.
**3. Drawing Tooth Profiles with CAXA**
CAXA is a widely used CAD software in China. It allows users to easily generate complete or single-tooth profiles and export them in DWG format. These files can then be imported into SolidWorks for further modeling.
Steps include:
1. Generating the tooth profile in CAXA and exporting it as a *.dwg file.
2. Opening the file in SolidWorks and importing it as a part, selecting millimeters as the unit.
**4. Conclusion**
This article demonstrates how to quickly create 3D models of spiral surface mechanical parts using SolidWorks' feature modeling capabilities. Practical techniques for handling gradual changes in spiral surfaces were proposed, providing technical support for building a 3D mechanical standard parts library.
The key to drawing helicoids in SolidWorks lies in choosing the right contour. Depending on the part's characteristics, either the axial or vertical section profile should be selected to simplify the drawing process and enhance parametric design flexibility.
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