The frame is also called a beam. The basic body of a car, generally consisting of two longitudinal beams and several beams, is supported on the wheels via suspension devices, front and rear axles. Has enough strength and stiffness to withstand the load of the car and the impact from the wheel.
To evaluate the quality of the frame design and structure, first of all, it should be clearly understood that the various forces that the frame is subjected to when the vehicle is traveling. If the stiffness of the frame is not good in some respects, no matter how good the suspension system is, it will not achieve good control performance. The frame has to face four kinds of pressure in the actual environment.
Girder and load-bearing frames are the predominant forms of mainstream frames, but they all have significant drawbacks, namely, they are bulky and have insufficient rigidity. Therefore, in recent years, the advantages and frame design of the fusion of the two have emerged. The original frame of Mitsubishi PAJEROIO has added an independent steel frame at the bottom of the load-bearing structure, which can be considered as a simplified girder structure, so as to ensure the rigidity at the same time The weight and center of gravity are much lower than those of the beam structure. Another example is the Honda S2000. Due to the high performance requirements and the lack of rigidity of the open-air body, a stiffening structure resembling a large cross-beam was welded to the bottom of the load-bearing frame, thereby increasing rigidity. In the future, the form of this "hybrid" frame will surely emerge in an endless stream.
The frame is mainly composed of longitudinal beams, cross beams, engine brackets, clutch brackets and other accessories. The frame is divided into welded frames, riveted frames, and riveted/welded frames according to different processes. Medium and heavy trucks mainly use riveted frames.
The frame structure can be divided into non-bearing type, semi-bearing type and carrying type according to the force conditions.
Vehicles with a non-loaded body have a rigid frame, also known as a chassis frame. The frame-to-body connection is flexibly connected via a spring or rubber mat. Parts of the engine, the drive train, body parts, etc. are fixed to the frame by a suspension device, and the frame is connected to the wheels through front and rear suspension devices. This type of non-loaded body is relatively bulky, of high quality and high in height. It is generally used on trucks, passenger cars and off-road jeep cars, and it is also used in a small number of high-class cars because of its good stability and safety.
Vehicles with a load-carrying body do not have a rigid frame, but only the front, side, rear, and floor parts of the vehicle are reinforced. Parts of the engine, front and rear suspension, and a part of the drive train are assembled on the vehicle body at the required design position. Pass the suspension to the wheels. In addition to its inherent load-carrying function, this type of load-bearing vehicle body is also directly subjected to various load forces. After decades of development and improvement, the load-bearing vehicle body has greatly improved both in terms of safety and stability, and has advantages such as low quality, low height, no suspension device, and easy assembly, so most of the cars are This body structure is used.
The body and frame are rigidly connected by screws, rivets, or welding. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned loads, the automobile body still contributes to the reinforcement of the frame to some extent, sharing part of the load of the frame.
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