Internet of Things Technology and Smart Home Application Research
Abstract: After the Internet, the Internet of Things is another major industrial revolution that changes the life style of human beings. It is widely valued for its huge application prospects. Based on the traditional concepts of the Internet of Things, this article focuses on describing the system components of the Internet of Things and the key technologies of the Internet of Things. Combining the application programs on smart homes, the typical applications of the Internet of Things are introduced. Finally, the issues of standardization of the Internet of Things are raised. .
Keywords: Internet of things, smart home, key technologies, standardization Introduction Internet of Things is based on the pre-existing development of the Internet, telecommunications networks, and radio and television networks. It further extends the concept of interconnected networks to various entities in life. Specifically speaking, it is to embed and equip the sensors in all possible objects designed in daily life. Through these objects, the Internet is connected to form the Internet of Things, thus making the human society truly enter the era of intelligence and unity. Both can achieve free exchanges and form a completely humanized intelligent world.
The major developed countries in the world have vigorously promoted the development of the Internet of Things from the perspective of national strategies. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to the development of the Internet of Things. China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" has clearly defined the Internet of Things as a strategic emerging industry to nurture development, and will use the demonstration project of building Internet of Things as a strategic emerging industry.
At the same time, the Internet of Things has provided reliable technical conditions for the development of smart homes, making smart homes possible. It is manifested in the following: Radio frequency technology, computer technology, network communication technology, integrated wiring technology, and information protocol exchange included in the Internet of Things make items have data. The identification of the identity, with the help of the home gateway, the data can flow in and out of the telecommunication network, the Internet, and the radio and television network. Today's smart homes combine security protection, convenient fashion and healthy living. The three major living home products are integrated into one. They have long been broken only by the mode of indoor switch and remote control, so that the security of the home and family health are also smart. Smart home is the application of Internet of Things technology. The concrete manifestation makes an abstract concept gradually transform into a practical application.
1. Internet of Things and Smart Home 1.1 Internet of Things At present, China does not have a unified standard definition of the Internet of Things. However, from the perspective of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure. It has a standards-based and interactive nature. The self-organizing capabilities of operational communication protocols, where physical and virtual "things" have identity, physical attributes, virtual features, and intelligent interfaces, and integrate seamlessly with the information network. The Internet of Things will, together with the media internet, service internet, and corporate internet, form the future internet.
The essence of the Internet of Things is summarized in three main areas:
(1) The characteristics of the Internet: The Internet must be able to interconnect and interoperate with objects that need to be networked;
(2) Identification and communication features: The "things" included in the Internet of Things must have automatic recognition and M2M functions;
(3) Intelligent features: The network system should have the features of automation, self-feedback and intelligent control.
1.2 Reference Architecture Model of IoT China Mobile has made rapid progress in IoT networking. The three-tier architectural model of the Internet of Things, namely, the perception layer, network layer, and application layer, is to build multi-application interconnection and information sharing. Foundation. In this architectural model, the concept of the Internet of Things information center and management center was proposed.
From the technical architecture point of view, the composition and function of the three-tier structure of the Internet of Things are as follows:
(1) Sensing layer: It consists of various sensors and sensor gateways, including CO2 concentration sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, two-dimensional tags, RFID tags and readers, cameras, GPS, and other sensing terminals. The role of the sensory layer is equivalent to the nerve endings of the human eye, nose, nose, throat, and skin. It is the source of information for the Internet of Things to identify objects and collect information. It is responsible for completing perceptions, identifying objects, and collecting and capturing information.
(2) Network layer: It is composed of various private networks, Internet, wired and wireless communication networks, network management systems, and cloud computing platforms. It is equivalent to the nerve center and brain of human beings. It is responsible for transmitting and processing the information acquired by the sensing layer. Network operations and information operations capabilities.
(3) Application layer: the interface of the Internet of Things and users (including people, organizations, and other systems). It combines with industry requirements to realize the intelligent application of the Internet of Things. It combines the Internet of Things technology with industrial applications to achieve a wide range of intelligent applications. Solution set.
1.3 Smart Home Applications Nowadays, many forms of household equipment in the home are becoming more and more diverse, and some devices have remote control capabilities such as air conditioning, televisions, and some do not have such capabilities, such as water heaters, microwave ovens, Rice cookers, refrigerators, etc. And even if these devices can be remotely controlled, their control capabilities and control range are very limited. And these devices are isolated from each other and cannot effectively share resources and information. With the development of Internet of Things technology, especially the growing maturity of the Internet of Things gateway technology, the question of interconnection between home devices in a smart home will also be resolved, as shown in Figure 1.
Smart Home is a combination of security protection, convenient fashion and healthy living. It is a combination of the following three applications:
(1) Home Security Center: home security equipment, such as cameras, infrared detectors, smoke detectors, etc., once connected to the characters networking, the owner can understand the security of the home at any time any place.
(2) Family Medical Center: If the family has elderly people and children, they can place cameras in suitable places to understand their conditions. Home medical devices, such as sphygmomanometers, connect to the Internet of Things and are networked with community hospitals to facilitate doctors to understand the physical condition of patients in real time and make timely treatment.
(3) Home data center: A large amount of data in the home, such as movies, music, games, etc., can be stored on the network data server through the Internet of Things and can be easily viewed at any time.
(4) The commonly used home information, such as weather forecast, consultation information, etc., can be learned in time through the home terminal equipment connected to the network.
(5) Family Business Center: The business center can complete a series of tasks, such as payment, payment, and shopping, so that the owner can complete all kinds of trivial daily life without leaving the house.
The smart M2M home gateway collects all kinds of information for home devices, and transmits information to the Internet of Things management center through the wireless network and the Internet. Various users can access the home devices they care about through the Web application service of the Internet of Things Management Center. information. On the other hand, users can use the equipment of the Internet of Things Management Center to access application services to achieve the purpose of remote control of various types of equipment. These controls include simple equipment opening, closing, mode and parameter adjustment, and also include terminal equipment. Embedded application version upgrades, remote diagnostics, etc.
2. Key technologies and issues to be solved The comprehensive IoT reference model and smart home architecture (see Figure 2) can be seen that the implementation of Internet of Things applications needs to address the following technologies and issues:
(1) Object attribute identification: attributes include static and dynamic attributes, static attributes can be directly stored in the tag, and dynamic attributes need to be detected by the sensor in real time;
(2) Object Attribute Recognition: It is necessary to identify the device to read the attribute of the object and convert the information into a data format suitable for network transmission;
(3) Transmission and processing of object information: The object information is transmitted to the information processing center through the network (the processing center may be distributed, such as a home computer or a mobile phone, or may be centralized, such as IDC of China Mobile) The relevant calculations of object communication are completed by the processing center.
2.1 Perceptual Layer Technical data collection is the basis for the Internet of Things to achieve "connected objects and characters." Acquisition equipment generally uses an embedded system. In order to obtain various physical quantities of the objective world, such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, etc., sensor technology is also an important part of data acquisition technology. Therefore, the data acquisition technology of the Internet of Things includes sensor technology, embedded system technology, acquisition equipment, and core chips.
ECP provides a complete set of product electronic code encoding methods to achieve unique identification of physical objects. As a radio frequency automatic identification technology, RFID can realize the automatic identification of objects and the interconnection and sharing of information based on the computer Internet through the cooperation between the tag and the reader, and provides technical support for the identification of the items in the Internet of Things. The ECP tag stores the data format specification information that describes the static information of the item, and automatically collects the attribute information of the item through the RFID reader into the system to realize the automatic identification of the item and complete the data format conversion according to certain requirements. The data communication network is passed to the data processing center for subsequent management and use.
Intelligent signal processing will perform the necessary processing on the various raw data obtained by the acquisition device to obtain information related to the target object. First, the measured values ​​of various physical quantities, ie, the original signals, are obtained. After that, the useful signal is filtered by signal extraction technology, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved by conditioning; the signal of high signal-to-noise ratio is transformed by various types of signals, and feature extraction of signals can be performed in the mapping space. With the aid of signal analysis techniques such as feature comparison and classification techniques, various feature signals can be mapped to a certain class of physical events. In the signal processing technology of the Internet of Things, the key technologies are multi-physical detection, signal extraction, signal conditioning, signal conversion, and signal analysis.
2.2 Network Layer Technology In order to achieve the universality of the Internet of Things, the terminal-aware network needs diversity, and this diversity is ensured through the universal object communication protocol. Because the terminal sensing node is not a fixed network, in order to accomplish different sensing tasks and achieve various goals, node networking technology is indispensable. Terminal-aware communication between devices cannot use the communication protocol of traditional devices. Therefore, adaptive network protocols need to be optimized. At the same time, the low processing power and low power consumption of the terminal equipment determine the necessity of using lightweight and energy-efficient protocols.
The terminal network communication of the smart home system has a small amount of data transmission and does not require too much transmission speed, but it requires a strong real-time information exchange and a delay period, and also requires a large network capacity to satisfy various household appliances in the home. ZigBee's technical characteristics determine that it can well meet the above requirements of smart home network, especially with self-organizing and self-healing capabilities. Such wireless communication technology is an ideal communication method for smart home systems.
The Internet of Things uses the terminal-aware network as the antenna and the program running on a large server as the brain to achieve effective perception and favorable control of the objective world. Among them, the bridge connecting the terminal to sense the network and the server is all kinds of network access technologies, including cellular networks such as GSM and TD-SCDMA, private wireless networks such as WLAN and WPAN, and various networks such as the Internet. Internet access to the Internet of Things is accomplished through a gateway.
The Internet of Things is based on the existing computer Internet, using RFID technology to achieve the electronic identification of the items, and then use wireless communication and other technologies to access the Internet, construct a network covering all things in the world, and achieve the network of goods and goods Or "communication" between people and objects. Therefore, the Internet technology is the technology foundation of the Internet of Things. Or, the Internet of Things is an extension of the Internet technology in terms of people and things. The Internet mainly solves the problem of transmission and sharing of sensor nodes' perception information in the Internet of Things.
The final development of the Internet of Things must have the characteristics of a "ubiquitous network", which is convenient for people to communicate with the target at any time and place. Therefore, the application of wireless communication technology is an indispensable means of communication technology. In fact, at present, core technologies such as RFID or sensor networks involved in the Internet of Things are integrated with wireless communication technologies. Only the application of wireless communication technologies can make the idea of ​​the Internet of Things become a reality, and at the same time achieve its low cost and easy implementation. The goal.
2.3 Application layer technology The Internet of Things uses the terminal-aware network as an antenna to penetrate every corner of the physical world and obtain various measurement data of the objective world. At the same time, the Internet of Things strategy ultimately serves people. It synthesizes and analyzes the various physical quantities obtained, and optimizes human production and living activities based on their own intelligence.
The supporting equipment for the Internet of Things includes high-performance computing platforms, mass storage, management systems, and databases. Through these facilities, it is possible to support the processing, storage, and management of massive information on the Internet of Things.
The application of the Internet of Things needs the support of intelligent information processing technology. It mainly needs a large amount of data through deep data mining, combined with the knowledge of specific industries and previous scientific achievements, and establishes expert systems, prediction models, and content for various applications. And human-computer interaction services. The expert system utilizes a mature knowledge base of experts in the field, obtains data from the terminal, compares expert knowledge, and thus solves certain specific professional problems. Predictive models and content services are based on the accurate and comprehensive information provided by the Internet of Things in the physical world, allowing more in-depth understanding and mastery of the laws of the physical world (such as floods, earthquakes, and blue-green algae) to make accurate forecasts and warnings. And emergency linkage management. Human-computer interaction and services also reflect the purpose of the Internet of Things "serving humanity." Human-computer interaction provides an interactive interface between people and the physical world. The convenience that the Internet of Things can provide for humanity is also reflected in the service.
Data intelligence processing is the core technology for implementing data-centric Internet of Things. Includes data aggregation, storage, querying, analysis, mining, understanding, and theory and techniques based on perceived data decision and behavior. Data aggregation includes real-time and non-real-time IoT business data collected and stored in the database for subsequent data mining, expert analysis, decision support, and intelligent processing.
2.4 Data Security and Operation Management As the Internet of things terminals sense the private nature of the network, security is also a problem that must be faced. Sensing nodes in the Internet of Things usually need to be deployed in unattended and uncontrollable environments. In addition to being exposed to information leakage, information tampering, replay attacks, denial of service, and other threats faced by the general wireless network, they also face transmission. Feeling nodes are easily acquired by the attacker, and all information stored in the nodes is obtained through physical means, thereby invading the network and controlling the network's threat. The main issues related to security include program content, operation and use, and information transmission.
From a security technology perspective, related technologies include authentication technologies that ensure user identity security as the core, secure key establishment and distribution mechanisms for secure transmission, and data security technologies such as data encryption and data security protocols that ensure data security. Therefore, in the field of IoT security, data security protocols, key establishment and distribution mechanisms, data encryption algorithm design, and authentication technologies are key components.
Because the terminal perceives a large number of nodes in the network, node management must be introduced to operate on multiple nodes. These include energy management that maximizes terminal-aware network lifetime, topology management that ensures coverage and connectivity as the goal, and QoS management and mobile control with the goal of ensuring network service quality to achieve off-site management. Remote management technology, including database management of storage configuration parameters.
As an integral part of the Internet of Things application, the database is responsible for storing the sensed data collected by WSN or RFID. The database management system used can choose a large distributed database management system. The management system can visualize and store the stored data, including data management (including data addition, modification, deletion, and query operations) as well as further analysis and processing (generate decision-making, data mining, etc.).
2.5 The Internet of Things (IoT) Standard Question The Internet of Things is a novel concept. The technology involved and the objects involved are very rich. Although a considerable number of countries and technical forces in the world are actively engaged in research work on the Internet of Things, the lack of a complete standard system for the Internet of Things is still a problem to be solved, such as the major problems in the domestic Internet of Things. Including "the key technologies need to be breakthrough, the R & D power is scattered, the system architecture has not yet been established, the standards are not uniform" and so on. Only when the standardization problem is solved, the convenient and efficient interconnection can be achieved.
3. Conclusion At present, China's Internet of things smart home is not fully realized, there is no large-scale application to all aspects of home, the reason is not only related to higher product costs, but also related to the security of the Internet.
The technology promotion of the Internet of Things has become a catalyst for the development of smart homes. The smart home systems are gradually moving toward networking, information, and intelligence. The products of smart terminal devices are gradually maturing, especially with advanced technology applications represented by ZigBee. Making IoT communication technology develop wirelessly also reduces the cost of the product to a certain extent, and it is easier to promote and accept. At the same time, strengthening cyber security mechanisms and protecting personal information can really make internet technology work for humanity.
Keywords: Internet of things, smart home, key technologies, standardization Introduction Internet of Things is based on the pre-existing development of the Internet, telecommunications networks, and radio and television networks. It further extends the concept of interconnected networks to various entities in life. Specifically speaking, it is to embed and equip the sensors in all possible objects designed in daily life. Through these objects, the Internet is connected to form the Internet of Things, thus making the human society truly enter the era of intelligence and unity. Both can achieve free exchanges and form a completely humanized intelligent world.
The major developed countries in the world have vigorously promoted the development of the Internet of Things from the perspective of national strategies. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to the development of the Internet of Things. China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" has clearly defined the Internet of Things as a strategic emerging industry to nurture development, and will use the demonstration project of building Internet of Things as a strategic emerging industry.
At the same time, the Internet of Things has provided reliable technical conditions for the development of smart homes, making smart homes possible. It is manifested in the following: Radio frequency technology, computer technology, network communication technology, integrated wiring technology, and information protocol exchange included in the Internet of Things make items have data. The identification of the identity, with the help of the home gateway, the data can flow in and out of the telecommunication network, the Internet, and the radio and television network. Today's smart homes combine security protection, convenient fashion and healthy living. The three major living home products are integrated into one. They have long been broken only by the mode of indoor switch and remote control, so that the security of the home and family health are also smart. Smart home is the application of Internet of Things technology. The concrete manifestation makes an abstract concept gradually transform into a practical application.
1. Internet of Things and Smart Home 1.1 Internet of Things At present, China does not have a unified standard definition of the Internet of Things. However, from the perspective of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure. It has a standards-based and interactive nature. The self-organizing capabilities of operational communication protocols, where physical and virtual "things" have identity, physical attributes, virtual features, and intelligent interfaces, and integrate seamlessly with the information network. The Internet of Things will, together with the media internet, service internet, and corporate internet, form the future internet.
The essence of the Internet of Things is summarized in three main areas:
(1) The characteristics of the Internet: The Internet must be able to interconnect and interoperate with objects that need to be networked;
(2) Identification and communication features: The "things" included in the Internet of Things must have automatic recognition and M2M functions;
(3) Intelligent features: The network system should have the features of automation, self-feedback and intelligent control.
1.2 Reference Architecture Model of IoT China Mobile has made rapid progress in IoT networking. The three-tier architectural model of the Internet of Things, namely, the perception layer, network layer, and application layer, is to build multi-application interconnection and information sharing. Foundation. In this architectural model, the concept of the Internet of Things information center and management center was proposed.
From the technical architecture point of view, the composition and function of the three-tier structure of the Internet of Things are as follows:
(1) Sensing layer: It consists of various sensors and sensor gateways, including CO2 concentration sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, two-dimensional tags, RFID tags and readers, cameras, GPS, and other sensing terminals. The role of the sensory layer is equivalent to the nerve endings of the human eye, nose, nose, throat, and skin. It is the source of information for the Internet of Things to identify objects and collect information. It is responsible for completing perceptions, identifying objects, and collecting and capturing information.
(2) Network layer: It is composed of various private networks, Internet, wired and wireless communication networks, network management systems, and cloud computing platforms. It is equivalent to the nerve center and brain of human beings. It is responsible for transmitting and processing the information acquired by the sensing layer. Network operations and information operations capabilities.
(3) Application layer: the interface of the Internet of Things and users (including people, organizations, and other systems). It combines with industry requirements to realize the intelligent application of the Internet of Things. It combines the Internet of Things technology with industrial applications to achieve a wide range of intelligent applications. Solution set.
1.3 Smart Home Applications Nowadays, many forms of household equipment in the home are becoming more and more diverse, and some devices have remote control capabilities such as air conditioning, televisions, and some do not have such capabilities, such as water heaters, microwave ovens, Rice cookers, refrigerators, etc. And even if these devices can be remotely controlled, their control capabilities and control range are very limited. And these devices are isolated from each other and cannot effectively share resources and information. With the development of Internet of Things technology, especially the growing maturity of the Internet of Things gateway technology, the question of interconnection between home devices in a smart home will also be resolved, as shown in Figure 1.
Smart Home is a combination of security protection, convenient fashion and healthy living. It is a combination of the following three applications:
(1) Home Security Center: home security equipment, such as cameras, infrared detectors, smoke detectors, etc., once connected to the characters networking, the owner can understand the security of the home at any time any place.
(2) Family Medical Center: If the family has elderly people and children, they can place cameras in suitable places to understand their conditions. Home medical devices, such as sphygmomanometers, connect to the Internet of Things and are networked with community hospitals to facilitate doctors to understand the physical condition of patients in real time and make timely treatment.
(3) Home data center: A large amount of data in the home, such as movies, music, games, etc., can be stored on the network data server through the Internet of Things and can be easily viewed at any time.
(4) The commonly used home information, such as weather forecast, consultation information, etc., can be learned in time through the home terminal equipment connected to the network.
(5) Family Business Center: The business center can complete a series of tasks, such as payment, payment, and shopping, so that the owner can complete all kinds of trivial daily life without leaving the house.
The smart M2M home gateway collects all kinds of information for home devices, and transmits information to the Internet of Things management center through the wireless network and the Internet. Various users can access the home devices they care about through the Web application service of the Internet of Things Management Center. information. On the other hand, users can use the equipment of the Internet of Things Management Center to access application services to achieve the purpose of remote control of various types of equipment. These controls include simple equipment opening, closing, mode and parameter adjustment, and also include terminal equipment. Embedded application version upgrades, remote diagnostics, etc.
2. Key technologies and issues to be solved The comprehensive IoT reference model and smart home architecture (see Figure 2) can be seen that the implementation of Internet of Things applications needs to address the following technologies and issues:
(1) Object attribute identification: attributes include static and dynamic attributes, static attributes can be directly stored in the tag, and dynamic attributes need to be detected by the sensor in real time;
(2) Object Attribute Recognition: It is necessary to identify the device to read the attribute of the object and convert the information into a data format suitable for network transmission;
(3) Transmission and processing of object information: The object information is transmitted to the information processing center through the network (the processing center may be distributed, such as a home computer or a mobile phone, or may be centralized, such as IDC of China Mobile) The relevant calculations of object communication are completed by the processing center.
2.1 Perceptual Layer Technical data collection is the basis for the Internet of Things to achieve "connected objects and characters." Acquisition equipment generally uses an embedded system. In order to obtain various physical quantities of the objective world, such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, etc., sensor technology is also an important part of data acquisition technology. Therefore, the data acquisition technology of the Internet of Things includes sensor technology, embedded system technology, acquisition equipment, and core chips.
ECP provides a complete set of product electronic code encoding methods to achieve unique identification of physical objects. As a radio frequency automatic identification technology, RFID can realize the automatic identification of objects and the interconnection and sharing of information based on the computer Internet through the cooperation between the tag and the reader, and provides technical support for the identification of the items in the Internet of Things. The ECP tag stores the data format specification information that describes the static information of the item, and automatically collects the attribute information of the item through the RFID reader into the system to realize the automatic identification of the item and complete the data format conversion according to certain requirements. The data communication network is passed to the data processing center for subsequent management and use.
Intelligent signal processing will perform the necessary processing on the various raw data obtained by the acquisition device to obtain information related to the target object. First, the measured values ​​of various physical quantities, ie, the original signals, are obtained. After that, the useful signal is filtered by signal extraction technology, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved by conditioning; the signal of high signal-to-noise ratio is transformed by various types of signals, and feature extraction of signals can be performed in the mapping space. With the aid of signal analysis techniques such as feature comparison and classification techniques, various feature signals can be mapped to a certain class of physical events. In the signal processing technology of the Internet of Things, the key technologies are multi-physical detection, signal extraction, signal conditioning, signal conversion, and signal analysis.
2.2 Network Layer Technology In order to achieve the universality of the Internet of Things, the terminal-aware network needs diversity, and this diversity is ensured through the universal object communication protocol. Because the terminal sensing node is not a fixed network, in order to accomplish different sensing tasks and achieve various goals, node networking technology is indispensable. Terminal-aware communication between devices cannot use the communication protocol of traditional devices. Therefore, adaptive network protocols need to be optimized. At the same time, the low processing power and low power consumption of the terminal equipment determine the necessity of using lightweight and energy-efficient protocols.
The terminal network communication of the smart home system has a small amount of data transmission and does not require too much transmission speed, but it requires a strong real-time information exchange and a delay period, and also requires a large network capacity to satisfy various household appliances in the home. ZigBee's technical characteristics determine that it can well meet the above requirements of smart home network, especially with self-organizing and self-healing capabilities. Such wireless communication technology is an ideal communication method for smart home systems.
The Internet of Things uses the terminal-aware network as the antenna and the program running on a large server as the brain to achieve effective perception and favorable control of the objective world. Among them, the bridge connecting the terminal to sense the network and the server is all kinds of network access technologies, including cellular networks such as GSM and TD-SCDMA, private wireless networks such as WLAN and WPAN, and various networks such as the Internet. Internet access to the Internet of Things is accomplished through a gateway.
The Internet of Things is based on the existing computer Internet, using RFID technology to achieve the electronic identification of the items, and then use wireless communication and other technologies to access the Internet, construct a network covering all things in the world, and achieve the network of goods and goods Or "communication" between people and objects. Therefore, the Internet technology is the technology foundation of the Internet of Things. Or, the Internet of Things is an extension of the Internet technology in terms of people and things. The Internet mainly solves the problem of transmission and sharing of sensor nodes' perception information in the Internet of Things.
The final development of the Internet of Things must have the characteristics of a "ubiquitous network", which is convenient for people to communicate with the target at any time and place. Therefore, the application of wireless communication technology is an indispensable means of communication technology. In fact, at present, core technologies such as RFID or sensor networks involved in the Internet of Things are integrated with wireless communication technologies. Only the application of wireless communication technologies can make the idea of ​​the Internet of Things become a reality, and at the same time achieve its low cost and easy implementation. The goal.
2.3 Application layer technology The Internet of Things uses the terminal-aware network as an antenna to penetrate every corner of the physical world and obtain various measurement data of the objective world. At the same time, the Internet of Things strategy ultimately serves people. It synthesizes and analyzes the various physical quantities obtained, and optimizes human production and living activities based on their own intelligence.
The supporting equipment for the Internet of Things includes high-performance computing platforms, mass storage, management systems, and databases. Through these facilities, it is possible to support the processing, storage, and management of massive information on the Internet of Things.
The application of the Internet of Things needs the support of intelligent information processing technology. It mainly needs a large amount of data through deep data mining, combined with the knowledge of specific industries and previous scientific achievements, and establishes expert systems, prediction models, and content for various applications. And human-computer interaction services. The expert system utilizes a mature knowledge base of experts in the field, obtains data from the terminal, compares expert knowledge, and thus solves certain specific professional problems. Predictive models and content services are based on the accurate and comprehensive information provided by the Internet of Things in the physical world, allowing more in-depth understanding and mastery of the laws of the physical world (such as floods, earthquakes, and blue-green algae) to make accurate forecasts and warnings. And emergency linkage management. Human-computer interaction and services also reflect the purpose of the Internet of Things "serving humanity." Human-computer interaction provides an interactive interface between people and the physical world. The convenience that the Internet of Things can provide for humanity is also reflected in the service.
Data intelligence processing is the core technology for implementing data-centric Internet of Things. Includes data aggregation, storage, querying, analysis, mining, understanding, and theory and techniques based on perceived data decision and behavior. Data aggregation includes real-time and non-real-time IoT business data collected and stored in the database for subsequent data mining, expert analysis, decision support, and intelligent processing.
2.4 Data Security and Operation Management As the Internet of things terminals sense the private nature of the network, security is also a problem that must be faced. Sensing nodes in the Internet of Things usually need to be deployed in unattended and uncontrollable environments. In addition to being exposed to information leakage, information tampering, replay attacks, denial of service, and other threats faced by the general wireless network, they also face transmission. Feeling nodes are easily acquired by the attacker, and all information stored in the nodes is obtained through physical means, thereby invading the network and controlling the network's threat. The main issues related to security include program content, operation and use, and information transmission.
From a security technology perspective, related technologies include authentication technologies that ensure user identity security as the core, secure key establishment and distribution mechanisms for secure transmission, and data security technologies such as data encryption and data security protocols that ensure data security. Therefore, in the field of IoT security, data security protocols, key establishment and distribution mechanisms, data encryption algorithm design, and authentication technologies are key components.
Because the terminal perceives a large number of nodes in the network, node management must be introduced to operate on multiple nodes. These include energy management that maximizes terminal-aware network lifetime, topology management that ensures coverage and connectivity as the goal, and QoS management and mobile control with the goal of ensuring network service quality to achieve off-site management. Remote management technology, including database management of storage configuration parameters.
As an integral part of the Internet of Things application, the database is responsible for storing the sensed data collected by WSN or RFID. The database management system used can choose a large distributed database management system. The management system can visualize and store the stored data, including data management (including data addition, modification, deletion, and query operations) as well as further analysis and processing (generate decision-making, data mining, etc.).
2.5 The Internet of Things (IoT) Standard Question The Internet of Things is a novel concept. The technology involved and the objects involved are very rich. Although a considerable number of countries and technical forces in the world are actively engaged in research work on the Internet of Things, the lack of a complete standard system for the Internet of Things is still a problem to be solved, such as the major problems in the domestic Internet of Things. Including "the key technologies need to be breakthrough, the R & D power is scattered, the system architecture has not yet been established, the standards are not uniform" and so on. Only when the standardization problem is solved, the convenient and efficient interconnection can be achieved.
3. Conclusion At present, China's Internet of things smart home is not fully realized, there is no large-scale application to all aspects of home, the reason is not only related to higher product costs, but also related to the security of the Internet.
The technology promotion of the Internet of Things has become a catalyst for the development of smart homes. The smart home systems are gradually moving toward networking, information, and intelligence. The products of smart terminal devices are gradually maturing, especially with advanced technology applications represented by ZigBee. Making IoT communication technology develop wirelessly also reduces the cost of the product to a certain extent, and it is easier to promote and accept. At the same time, strengthening cyber security mechanisms and protecting personal information can really make internet technology work for humanity.
Recliner Mechanism，Sofa Mechanism，Electric Recliner Mechanism
Linear Actuator Co., Ltd. , http://www.nslinearactuator.com