The vehicle development has encountered the bottleneck of parts and components. “We must not give up the spare parts after the basic “full fall†of the vehicle.†Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former National Machinery Industry Director Shao Qihui talks about China’s automobile industry. There are several bottlenecks in the development and there are concerns about the status quo of the parts industry.
He believes that the current automobile industry has a "structure malformation" and that the development of whole vehicles and parts is out of proportion. China’s current auto parts and components rely heavily on foreign imports and foreign-owned production in China’s sole proprietorship or holding companies. Auto parts companies such as Europe, the United States, and Japan are moving into China.
In recent years, although the vehicle production model in China is mostly limited to the KD cycle, it is still hot in the global market. However, in contrast to the great contrast, the lagging problem in the development of China's auto parts industry has become increasingly prominent.
According to Weng Yunzhong, executive deputy general manager of parts and components division of Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd., the problems are concentrated in three aspects.
The first is that the market competition is not sufficient, the industrial concentration is low, and the scale efficiency of enterprises is generally not high enough to meet the requirements for the development of the entire vehicle, such as large-scale and low-cost development. Over the years, the auto parts market has been artificially divided into local regional markets and intragroup markets, so that different companies do not enjoy fair and reasonable opportunities for competition; while the level of specialization of enterprises is not high, “small but comprehensive†and “large and comprehensiveâ€. At present, it is still a major feature of China's auto parts industry. This undoubtedly hinders the rapid increase in the technological content of products and the expansion of product lines to a greater extent. In addition, it is the long-term separation of the domestic auto parts market from the international market. Domestic companies are limited to competing at a lower level in the domestic market, and their technological level and competitiveness are paralyzed.
The second is that the technical level and product development capability of the enterprise are relatively weak, and it is difficult to meet the development requirements of vehicle systemization, synchronization, and modularization. Relevant statistics show that the investment in the parts and components industry in the world is generally 1.2 to 1.5 times that of the entire vehicle company, while that in China is only 0.3 times or less; the annual development investment of developed country auto parts companies is generally 3% to 5% of the sales revenue. Even reached 10%, but in China this proportion only accounts for 1% to 1.5%. Such a small investment makes it impossible for companies to invest more in technology development and product development.
According to statistics, of the 57 parts and components companies among the top 500 machinery enterprises in China in 2003, 23 were engaged in product development, 18 were able to engage in partial development and general development, and 16 were unable to develop. Family. Most of the above-mentioned enterprises with development capabilities can only perform adaptive development that satisfies localization requirements, and cannot engage in advanced development, high-tech development, and system development.
Third, corporate brand awareness is generally not strong. Whether it is the internal parts and components companies of auto factories or the independent parts and components companies, they are lack of awareness of brand management; the sharing of trademarks between parts and vehicles is a common phenomenon in the industry, which seriously hampers the market-oriented enterprises The development pattern of the series also brought disorderly competition to the market.
The relevant person in charge of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers is even more worried. He said that at present a considerable number of auto parts companies have a heavy debt burden and lack sufficient development potential to compete with foreign large auto parts companies. After China's accession to the WTO, the tariffs on auto parts will gradually decline, it is difficult to rely on tariff protection and other means to limit the auto manufacturers to select parts and components procurement channels, foreign high-tech, high quality and inexpensive accessories may become domestic manufacturers The preferred target for China's parts and components companies is to face more direct and more severe impact than vehicle manufacturers.
Reorganization of vehicle companies Influx of wave components In recent years, the reorganization of domestic and international vehicle companies has escalated. Whether it is the international “6+3†or the domestic “3+Xâ€, changes in the overall vehicle competition structure will inevitably affect the upstream links. Will sweep the parts industry.
Experts predict that after restructuring, there will be only 25 multinational component suppliers in the world, mainly in the four major areas of power, chassis, body and interior, with sales of at least US$7 billion and sales. A parts company with a value of 750 to 2 billion U.S. dollars can only become a regional strategic partner of global suppliers, and it is only the development and production of subsystems.
Last year was the year of reorganization of China's vehicle companies. The purpose of the reorganization was to increase the competitiveness of companies in brand management, global procurement, rapid assembly, and global sales. Under this background, it became an inevitable move to form an independent auto parts company in the Group’s parts and components company and push it to the external market. At present, FAW has established Fuao Automotive Parts and Components Co., Ltd. and Dongfeng Motor’s Parts and Components Division has also Independent market-oriented.
Accompanied by the reorganization of the vehicle company, it must also be the adjustment of the procurement rules. "Best capital procurement with the best quality, the most advanced technology, the shortest delivery time, the best service parts" is the best procurement principle that global procurement follows, and it will also become a new rule for domestic auto parts companies to purchase parts and components. . The new procurement rules will break the long-standing group associations, protection barriers, and local protectionism of auto parts companies and OEMs, and parts and components companies will compete under fair competition in terms of quality, cost, and delivery time.
In order to speed up the launch cycle of new products, reduce research and development time, and reduce research and development costs, system-based, synchronized development and modular supply will be the requirements for the development of parts and components companies. This requires the domestic parts and components industry to establish and form a “pago pagoda†supply structure system, that is, to establish and form one to three parts suppliers: First-tier suppliers provide vehicles such as power, chassis, body, and There are four types of complete system assemblies, such as decoration; second and third suppliers provide parts and components to the first-tier suppliers.
The increasingly fierce market competition will surely bring about the large-scale integration of the once stagnant domestic auto parts industry. According to the relevant forecast, by 2010, the total number of Chinese parts suppliers will decrease by 70%, and eventually 20 to 30 first-tier suppliers, 250 to 350 second-tier suppliers, and 1,250 to 1,500 third-tier suppliers will be formed. Based on its comprehensive strength, all parts and components companies will seek positioning in the "pago pagoda-style" supply system. At that time, several "giant" parts and components companies and large groups will be formed in the domestic auto parts industry.
The parts and components industry needs to be transformed. "The parts and components are the basis of the automotive industry. Without the support of a strong parts and components industry, the development of the automobile industry will lack the foundation and there will be no initiative for the development of the industry." Shao Qihui in the "2003 China "The Auto Industry Development Forum" said that "we have developed ourselves in the past few years. However, many people do not realize that vehicle development work not only requires a good vehicle system matching design, but also meets the aesthetic needs of consumers." Shape design is also inseparable from the support of component development."
Although the development of key auto parts and components has been included in every five-year plan for the past ten years, it lacks specific implementation plans and lacks clear policy support, making it difficult to implement the plan. “Now '15′′ production The plan has been completed. How about the implementation of spare parts planning?†He said that if the parts and components industry wants to change the status quo, it must overcome obstacles in policies, systems, and other aspects. The leaders of the automotive industry and the industrialists enthusiastic about the automotive industry must really pay enough attention to parts and components. Of course, the parts and components companies must have relatively stable supporting manufacturers of complete vehicles, but they must be stronger and have greater market share. With more profits, it cannot be suspended in a tree. Operators of big auto companies must also have a great strategic vision, resolutely get rid of the “big and full†framework, and release existing parts and components production units; Using market methods, many multinational parts and components companies fully serve their own development goals.
As an experienced player in the development of the auto parts industry, Weng Yunzhong also agrees with this. He also believes that, in addition to market-oriented promotion of scale, and the development of specialized and scaled-up development models for parts and components companies, the domestic parts and components industry must also integrate parts and components industry resources through joint ventures, acquisitions and restructurings. Carry out a rational division of labor to form a “pago pagoda†component industrial layout led by several large automobile parts and components groups to meet the development needs of the vehicle systemization and modularization, and enterprises must also follow the new procurement. Principles, improve the quality of QCD management, and enhance their competitiveness in R&D capabilities, quality, cost, and delivery time.
“For a product with a certain foundation, which can be used for supporting imported vehicles, and key assemblies and components that affect the performance of the entire vehicle, it is necessary to concentrate on strength development; for labor-intensive products that already have a certain comparative advantage, they must continue to grow bigger and stronger. For domestic companies that are still blank or have just begun to advance, high-tech products with potential market demand must be developed in a focused manner; gradually forming the research and development positions and platforms for several major systems.†Weng Yunzhong stated that China’s auto parts companies should not only give full play to their own With regard to comparative advantages, it is also necessary to actively participate in the international division of labor in the world auto industry and strengthen cooperation with multinational auto parts and components groups. Changing technology with the market is a reasonable choice for China’s auto parts industry to acquire multinational companies’ technology, capital, management, Market advantage resources, and strive to occupy a place in the international parts procurement system.
"It is a well-known fact that China's spare parts industry is lagging behind in the entire vehicle industry for more than 10 years. If we still take the whole road of development in the development of spare parts, the gap between them is bound to increase. More cars can only be a The vehicle assembly base.†Weng Yunzhong’s worries do not appear to be worrying. (Reporter Liu Jinxia)