Huang Kaiguo Wang Deyong Zhou Dunbing
The development and utilization of renewable resources is a major national technology and economic policy. It has the characteristics of low investment, short cycle and quick effect. However, bearing processing locomotives, ships, machinery manufacturing and other sectors, the end of each year a large number of bronze and tin alloy mixed scrap, can not be effectively separated, recycled, utilization, which is a problem for many years has not been resolved.
Under the care and support of the Ministry of Railways, Central South University, pioneered a new separation technology in the late bronze and tin alloy mixed turnings, woven by a group of industrial experiment Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works in one fell swoop to be successful. It has been put into mass production and has achieved satisfactory results. Test and production indicators are included in the table. Obviously, the separation works well. The tin alloy ingots that have been smelted and tempered by the tin alloy are completely in line with the national 11-6 tin alloy standard; the bronze ends are smelted and tuned into 663 bronze or processed into electrolytic copper, both of which can be used for bearing production. .
Test or production | product name | Yield% | % of each element in the product | ||||
Cu | Sn | Pb | Zn | Sb | |||
Original "waste" material | Miscellaneous | 100 | 59.08 | 32.83 | 1.88 | 5.42 | 2.93 |
Small test results | Bronze Tin alloy | 56.5 37.7 | 84.84 6.78 | 6.34 82.69 | 2.94 | 6.20 | 8.96 |
Industrial test results | Bronze Tin alloy | 62.5 32.5 | 83.68 8.24 | 8.28 83.56 | 2.65 | 7.88 | 8.97 |
Industrial production index | Bronze Tin alloy | 65.2 32.0 | 81.75 4.54 | 8.44 86.95 | 2.09 | 7.93 | 9.39 |
Smelting ingot Tuning before tin alloy ingot Tuned tin alloy ingot | 4.35 5.85 | 86.81 82.21 | 8.47 11.43 | ||||
Standard 11-6 tin alloy Standard 663 bronze | 5.5 to 6.5 82～88 | 80.9~83.9 5~7 | 2 to 4 | 5~7 | 10~12 | ||
The new separation technology is characterized by simple process, easy implementation, good separation and high economic efficiency. Bronze and tin alloys with less than 5 mm are mixed, no need to be ground, and after direct grading, respectively, in a Special equipment. Adding water, adding a separating agent, and operating according to certain conditions, can be completely separated into two qualified products: the end of bronze and the end of tin alloy. The separation process is easy to operate, requires fewer personnel (2 people per shift), equipment investment is small (14,000 yuan), and production costs are low (including separation and smelting adjustment costs of 0.1 million yuan / t). One existing separation equipment has a production capacity of 20t/a. For each ton of this mixed scrap, only 200 degrees of electricity, 100m 3 of water, and 0.7kg of separated chemicals are required. If the ratio of copper and tin scraps in the original “waste†material is 3:2 (unit price is 0.7 million yuan/t), the two products obtained by separation are separately smelted and processed into 663 bronze or electrolytic copper (17,000 yuan/t). And 11-6 tin alloy (36,000 yuan / t) for sale, each treatment of one ton of this "waste" material, is expected to add more than 10,000 yuan. If the scale of production is expanded and used directly to increase the production of bearing bushes, the economic benefits are very impressive. Compared with the development of underground resources (mining), processing, and smelting into metals, this shows the superiority of developing and utilizing renewable resources. It is understood that the construction of a mining-selection-smelting small joint enterprise that produces 200t of metal copper and tin alloy annually will invest at least 20 million yuan for 3 to 5 years, and the establishment of such a 200t copper using "waste" materials. Small factories of tin alloys, as long as they invest more than 100,000 yuan, can be put into operation after 3 to 5 months of construction. Obviously, how fast and better.
According to domestic surveys and international online search, this technology for separating bronze and tin alloy hybrid chips has no precedent at home and abroad, and is a very successful and significant advanced technology.
Originally published in the article "World Nonferrous Metals", No. 12, 1991 ☺
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