API 5L X52 Specifications and Application Scope
API 5L X52 is a specific grade within the API 5L standard, designed for the production of two distinct quality levels of line pipes—PSL1 and PSL2. These pipes can either be seamless or welded, making them highly versatile for transporting oil and natural gas across long distances. At CSC, we offer a range of grades suitable for global oil and gas pipeline projects, including X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, and X70.
The manufacturing process for these pipes involves using high-quality materials such as steel ingots, billets, or plates that undergo stringent processing techniques like alkaline oxygen, electric furnace, or open-hearth methods, often paired with ladle refining. For PSL2-grade pipes, the steel must be fully killed and refined using fine-grain practices. Additionally, coils or sheets used in PSL2 pipes must not contain any repair welds, ensuring their integrity.
When it comes to welding API 5L X52 line pipes, three primary methods are commonly employed: ERW (Electric Resistance Welding), LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding), and SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welding). Each method has its own advantages depending on the specific requirements of the project.
### Delivery Conditions
| PSL Level | Delivery Condition | Pipe Grades |
|-----------|----------------------------------------|-------------------|
| PSL1 | As-rolled, normalized, thermomechanical rolled | A |
| | As-rolled, normalizing formed, thermomechanical formed, normalized, tempered | B |
| | As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, etc. | X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70 |
| PSL2 | As-rolled | BR, X42R |
| | Normalized rolled, normalized formed | BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N |
| | Quenched and tempered | BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q |
| | Thermomechanical rolled or formed | BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M |
| | Thermomechanical rolled | X90M, X100M, X120M |
| | Suffix (R, N, Q, or M) for PSL2 grades | - |
### Chemical Composition for PSL 1 Pipes (t ≤ 0.984")
| Steel Grade | Carbon (C) max | Manganese (Mn) max | Phosphorus (P) max | Sulfur (S) max | Vanadium (V) max | Niobium (Nb) max | Titanium (Ti) max |
|-------------|----------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|------------------|------------------|-------------------|
| X52 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | d | d | d |
### Chemical Composition for PSL 2 Pipes (t ≤ 0.984")
| Steel Grade | Carbon (C) max | Silicon (Si) max | Manganese (Mn) max | Phosphorus (P) max | Sulfur (S) max | Vanadium (V) max | Niobium (Nb) max | Titanium (Ti) max | Other Elements max | CE IIW max | CE Pcm max |
|-------------|----------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|------------------|------------------|-------------------|--------------------|------------|------------|
| X52N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d, e, l | 0.043 | 0.25 |
| X52Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, l | 0.043 | 0.25 |
### Mechanical Properties
| Pipe Grade | Yield Strength Rt0,5 PSI Min | Tensile Strength Rm PSI Min | Elongation (%) min | Tensile Strength b PSI Min |
|------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|--------------------|----------------------------|
| X52 | 52,200 | 66,700 | c | 66,700 |
### Testing Requirements
#### Hydrostatic Test
Each pipe must pass a hydrostatic test without leaking through the weld seam or the pipe body. If the pipe sections used have been successfully tested, jointers do not require individual hydrostatic testing.
#### Bend Test
No cracks should appear in any part of the test piece, and the weld should not open during the bend test.
#### Flattening Test
For EW pipes with D < 12.750 inches:
- For X60 with T > 500 inches, the weld should not open until the distance between the plates is less than 66% of the original outside diameter.
- For all grades and wall thicknesses, the weld should not open until the distance is less than 50% of the original outside diameter.
- For pipes with D/t > 10, the weld should not open until the distance is less than 30% of the original outside diameter.
For additional details, please refer to the complete API 5L specification.
This comprehensive overview highlights the technical aspects and standards involved in producing API 5L X52 line pipes, ensuring they meet rigorous industry requirements while maintaining optimal performance in various applications.
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