Compilation Committee
Director: Li Panwei
Deputy Director: Mu Zhentang Hu Qinglu Tian Jun Liu Yanpeng Kong Zhaopu Xu Jianli
Members: Liu Yuhua Zhang Ensheng Li Heming Zhou Jingqing Zhou Qingying Cheng Xu Xie Haiyan
Editor-in-Chief: Li Panwei Hu Qinglu
Associate Editor: Liu Yuhua Zhang Ensheng Li Heming Tian Jun Zhou Jingqing Zhou Qingying
Cheng Xu Xie Haiyan Wang Zhanwu
Writers: (order by last name strokes)
Yu Shufeng, You Liquan, You Jianmin, You Jianmin, Wang Zhanwu, Lan Yongsheng, Tian Min, Tian Jun, Liu Guangying, Liu Yuhua, Liu Limin, et al. Yu Long Cheng Xu Xie Haiyan
sequence
At present, China has entered a new stage of development in building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating the progress of socialist modernization. Forestry has historically stood at the forefront of ecological construction. In the face of profound changes in society's leading demand, consumption levels, and resource allocation methods, the environment and resources are facing unprecedented pressure. During the “10th Five-Year Plan†period, the State Forestry Administration established a strategic policy of bringing major developments to major projects to achieve five fundamental changes in forestry, and listed the construction of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest bases in key regions as one of the six key forestry projects as a means of forestry expansion. The focus of its own economic strength and ability to promote sustainable development is of far-reaching significance in alleviating the pressure on existing forest resources, especially natural forest resources, and ensuring the implementation of ecological construction projects.
For many years, Hebei, a major province of Gyeonggi Province, has built a complete forestry ecosystem and a developed forestry industry system as wings for forestry. The two promote each other, coordinate development, and make outstanding contributions to the protection of Beijing and Tianjin and the development of the local economy. At present, the area of ​​fast-growing and high-yield timber forests in the province has grown to more than 4 million mu. In the northern Weibei mountainous regions where the ecological environment is relatively fragile and economically underdeveloped, the Larix principis-rupprechtii has become a local fast-growing high-yield timber forest due to its characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, fast growth, and excellent material quality. The preferred species for the base construction. The National Forest Farm of China ranks among the top 500 state-owned forest farms in Hebei Province. Since the establishment of the National Forest Farm in 1963, it has cultivated 700,000 mu of fast-growing and high-yield forests of North China Larch and 2.37 million m of standing trees (86% of young and middle-aged forests). Cumulative production of timber 1.03 million m, a production value of 200 million yuan. In recent years, with the encouragement of policies and the attraction of benefits, the peasants in the north of Anhui Province have unprecedentedly increased their enthusiasm for the development of fast-growing and high-yielding larch forests. However, due to the relatively strict technical requirements for breeding, seedling cultivation and planting and management of the tree species, the area of ​​fast growing forests in this area has been affected to a certain extent.
The vast number of forestry scientific research personnel in Hebei Province has made new progress in the study of fast-growing and high-yield suitable tree species in different types of areas in the province. In the past 40 years, several generations of technical personnel of the Mengzi State Forest Management Bureau have devoted themselves to delving into the cultivation techniques of Larix principis-rupprechtii and achieved fruitful results. The bureau has built the largest production and research demonstration base of L. olgensis fine seed in China, and has taken the lead in the province to achieve the success of seedling nursery and spray cutting seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii. On the basis of their production practices, they summarized a series of experiences and lessons in the process of the cultivation of Larix principis-rupprechtii, and compiled a book entitled “Cultivating Techniques for Fast-growing and High-yielding Forests of Larix principis-rupprechtiiâ€. The book is a simple and easy-to-understand, systematically and theoretically expounded on the characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii, breeding of fine varieties, afforestation and breeding, and prevention and control of diseases and pests, etc. from point to area, in close connection with production practices. It has strong operability and is a Suitable for grass-roots forestry technical staff and the majority of forest farmers to learn the technology popularization book. I believe that the publication of this book will surely play an important role in popularizing the cultivation and management techniques of Larix principis-rupprechtii and accelerating the construction of fast-growing high-yield forestry bases in the mountainous regions of northern Fujian.
This is a technical monograph from the grass-roots forestry front. It was the brainchild of several generations of grass-roots forestry science and technology personnel of the Mengzi State Forest Management Bureau under the difficult production and living conditions to overcome various difficulties. It includes their dedicated spirit of exploration, rigorous scientific attitude and infinite love of the forestry industry. This is exactly the noble character that we should advocate for Yan Zhaolin. It coincides with the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the National Bureau of Forest Management of Mengzi and the publication of the book “Cultivating Techniques for Fast-growing and High-yielding Forests of Larix principis-rupprechtiiâ€. It can be described as the scientific and technical personnel of the Bureau dedicated to the celebration. A gift.
Bai Shunjiang
July 19, 2003
Foreword
Hebei Mengye State-owned Forest Management Bureau (hereinafter referred to as Mengzi Forest Management Bureau) is located in the transitional zone between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Weibei Mountains, with latitude 41035/-42037/, east longitude 116048/-118020/, and altitude 750-1978 meters. The average precipitation of 460 mm, in the temperate continental monsoon climate zone, in the field of Manchu Mongolian Autonomous County in Hebei Province. The Mengzi Forest Management Bureau was established in 1963 and is affiliated with the Hebei Provincial Forestry Bureau. It is one of the “Top 500 State-owned Forest Farms†in the country. It has jurisdiction over 10 state-owned forest farms, 2 companies, and the Longtoushan seedlings farm and forestry survey planning and design. 14 grass-roots units, including a total business area of ​​1.54 million mu and 1,300 employees, are the largest state-owned forest management bureaus in Hebei Province.
In the past 40 years, under the leadership and care of the Provincial Forestry Bureau, the Mengfu Forest Management Bureau has relied on the local government and the masses, and has been seeking truthfulness, innovation, and hard work. It has made significant achievements in forest cultivation, forestry economic development, and field construction. Since 1963, it has cultivated 700,000 mu of fast-growing and high-yield forest of northern China's larch, with 2.37 million cubic meters of standing trees (86% of young and middle-aged forests), and cumulative production of 10.3 million cubic meters of wood, with a production value of 200 million yuan. The Larix principis-rupprechtii fine seed base was built in 1976. It is the largest production and research demonstration base of larch seedlings in North China. It was included in the basic construction plan by the Ministry of Forestry in 1983, and has won many awards at the ministerial and provincial levels. Among the achievements, there are two scientific and technological progress awards awarded by the State Science and Technology Commission. The total area of ​​6840 acres of the base, a total of 3136K varieties of larch seed production. The Longtoushan Nursery was founded in 1953, which pioneered the cultivation of Larix principis-rupprechtii. The success of seedlings and spray cuttings of Larix principis-rupprechtii was successful. The cumulative nursery area reached 19,000 mu and 1.03 billion high-quality nursery stocks were produced. The cultivation has played an exemplary driving role. In order to make seven points in three minutes, the Forest Management Bureau has also accumulated rich experience in tending, renewal, fire prevention, pest control, etc. in the Larix principis-rupprechtii timber forest, and has basically achieved intensive management and sustainable use.
In order to summarize the experience and lessons learned from the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yielding forests of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the past 40 years, the Bureau of Forestry and Forestry Management organized a large number of production and scientific researchers to compile this technical monograph, from theory to practice, from seedlings to afforestation, and from technology to construction. A comprehensive discussion was conducted on the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yield forests of Larix principis-rupprechtii. This result was written by several generations of Mengqi people and was designed to provide a reference for forestry entrepreneurs in the new era, and to make the construction of fast-growing and high-yielding forest bases in key national areas. contribution. However, due to shallow knowledge and short time, despite the best efforts, errors are unavoidable, so readers are urged to criticize and correct them. During the preparation of this book, Dr. Yang Junming, the chief engineer of the Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences, received great help and thanked him.
editor
July 12, 2003
table of Contents
Chapter 1 Characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii.................................................................(1)
Section 1 Morphological Features........................................................................(1)
Section 2 Distribution ..............................................................................(2)
Section 3 Ecological Characteristics..................................................................... (3)
Section 4 Community Characteristics........................................................................(4)
Section 5 Growth and Development Rules ..................................................................(5)
Chapter II Improved Seed Production of Larix principis-rupprechtii......................................................(7)
Section 1. Establishment and Management of Mother Trees.......................................................(7)
Section 2 Establishment and Management of Seed Garden ......................................................(14)
Section III Collection and Treatment of Larch Seeds.................................................(27)
Chapter 3 Nursery ............................................................................ (34)
Section 1 Selection and Zoning of Nurseries ................................................ (34)
Section 2 Soil Preparation, Soil Fertilization, Sterilization, Bedding..........................................(36)
Section 3 Seed Treatment and Germination ............................................................(37)
Sowing in the fourth quarter...........................................................................(39)
Section 5 Cultivation of Cutting Seedlings ......................................................................(45)
Section 6 Cultivation of Transplanted Seedlings and Container Seedlings......................................................(47)
Section VII Pest Control ................................................................. (49)
The eighth quarter raised seedlings...........................................................................(50)
Section IX Establishment of Nursery Archives............................................................(53)
Chapter IV Afforestation ..............................................................................(55)
Section 1 Selection of Forested Lands................................................................(55)
Section 2 Afforestation Models and Density ............................................................(59)
Section 3 Site Preparation...........................................................................(65)
Section 4 Seeds and Seedlings.....................................................................(67)
Section 5 Season and Method of Forest Reforestation............................................................(68)
Section 6 Young Forest Breeding.................................................................. (75)
Chapter V Intermediate Cutting ........................................................................(81)
Section I Forestation Foundations for Thinning.......................................................(81)
Section 2 Types and Methods of Thinning ...................................................(87)
Section III Technical Elements for Felling and Harvesting ................................................ (91)
Section 4 Stand Surveys.....................................................................(107)
Section V. Thinning Construction Technology ......................................................... (108)
Section VI Effect and Impact of Intermediate Cutting ...................................................(110)
Section 7 Artificial Pruning.....................................................................(113)
Chapter 6: Harvesting and Updating ........................................................................(116)
Section 1 Determination of the duration of the final felling...............................................................(116)
Section 2 Survey Design.....................................................................(117)
Section 3: The main cutting mode........................................................................(121)
Section IV Construction Management.....................................................................(122)
Section 5 Manual Updates.....................................................................(125)
Chapter VII Major pests and diseases of Larix principis-rupprechtii and its prevention and control...................................... (133)
Section 1 Major Diseases of Larix principis-rupprechtii......................................................(133)
Section II Main Insect Pests of Larix principis-rupprechtii......................................................(139)
Section III Major Larval Litter of North China Larch ......................................................(157)
References(164)