At present, the land reclamation rate in China's mining areas is only 12%, far lower than the international average 50% to 70% of the average land reclamation rate, which is lower than the European and American countries' reclamation rate of more than 80%, which seriously affects the mining land. Timely withdrawal. It is necessary to explore the promotion mechanism of mineral land reclamation by studying the factors of resolving objective obstacles and the subjective enthusiasm of reinstatement.
The land reclamation speed of the mining area
1
Let farmers share the benefits of land reclamation
For the abandoned mining land in history, one of the reasons why the reclamation project is difficult to carry out is that it is impossible to reach an agreement on land property compensation. In some places, due to the relocation of mining local farmers (as the original land rights people) think, can be obtained by way of income replacement and other construction land after land reclamation, it proposed financial compensation requirements, and government funding is limited, difficult to meet The compensation needs of farmers often cause the reclamation project that has been established to stagnate.
For mining land with rehabilitated obligors, although it is reasonable to say that land can be replaced by reclaimed land for new mining land, it is also difficult to face in practice. Although the land acquisition compensation procedure was carried out at the beginning of mining use, due to the imperfection of the collection system and the land rights change registration system, farmers still have certain evidence that land rights belong to themselves, so they often hinder land replacement and even forcibly cultivate The land that has been reclaimed, and the enterprises that have paid a large amount of funds for land acquisition and reclamation will not easily give up the reclamation land, thereby causing land ownership disputes.
The solution to the above problems is to solve the basic problems of farmers' claims through the re-registration of land. Second, for farmers who have legal basis to compensate, the government or mining enterprises may try other ways to let farmers share the benefits of land reclamation. For example, new industries that operate after land reclamation provide farmers with employment or share dividends.
2
Coordinated use of reclamation funds
Due to the variety of damage to mining wasteland, the source of governance funds is also bullish, so that each project is carried out independently and the use of funds is severely fragmented. If you can try to jointly establish projects and use funds in a coordinated manner, you can solve the above problems better. However, in practice, because the audits of different land remediation projects (especially superior or industry audits) are often divided into sections, the standards of the auditing departments are not uniform, the data is large, and the calibers are poor, and it is difficult to reach a consensus and give normal rehearsal work. It has brought obstacles and also affected the enthusiasm of industrial and mining wasteland utilization. Therefore, a unified audit work plan, a unified standard caliber, a unified audit report, and a unified external announcement mechanism should be formed as soon as possible.
3
Converting the reclamation deposit into a provident fund
The current withdrawal of margin deposits is rigid, mining companies are unable to arrange margins according to their own circumstances, and are not conducive to co-ordinated funds for capital operation value-added. It is recommended to refer to the housing provident fund system to convert the reclamation deposit into a provident fund. The mining enterprise may apply for a one-time withdrawal of the reclamation reserve fund based on the corresponding written documents of the reclamation construction.
4
Establish a "recovery and inaction" mechanism
Collect idle fees and land for a limited period of time. Mines that have not been reinstated in time may urge the obligors to rehabilitate as soon as possible by collecting idle fees, which can serve as a deterrent and supervisory role for mining enterprises.
Strengthen the control of land holding costs, the use of taxes and other measures. For mining enterprises that are not actively revived in time, land use tax may be levied to promote the reclamation construction based on the pressure of economic costs; land that cannot be effectively utilized or idle after reclamation may also increase the cost of land holding. Promote their rational use of land or take the initiative to return the land to the country. For mining companies with good performance and high credit, they can give certain tax and fee reduction rewards when they acquire new mines.
Establish a strict review mechanism for reviewing quality. Strengthen quality control from two aspects: reclamation standard formulation and reinstatement accountability. In the international countries where land reclamation is earlier and the effect is better, the common successful experience is to establish strict quality standards for land reclamation technology, and even to specify the technical operation methods of reclamation through the Mine Law.
Implement the public participation mechanism. First, public participation is no longer limited to reclamation planning and reclamation acceptance, but the entire process of land use. The second is to clarify the procedure for determining the public participation. It should include at least representatives of social organizations, local farmers, and those who can prove their interests related to mining and reclamation. The third is to clarify the way public participation and effectiveness. The public shall vote on the use and reclamation of major mines through hearings. If the veto reaches a certain percentage, the suspension will be implemented, and the relevant stakeholders will negotiate and reach an agreement on the disputes; public opinions should be accompanied by relevant matters. Reported to the relevant departments for review and approval, the relevant departments should make a judgment after considering the public opinions; if the relevant organizations or individuals believe that the use of mines, reclamation, etc., damage their own interests or public interests and provide relevant evidence, they may file a lawsuit in the court. The court shall be admissible.
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