Phosphorus is one of the three elements of crop nutrition. Phosphorus in the soil generally cannot meet the needs of crop growth and development and must be supplemented by applying phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizers are easily fixed by the soil and have low mobility in the soil. The conversion of fertilizers is slow and the crops are difficult to absorb and utilize in time. The current utilization rate is only 10%-25%. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer due to crop sciences is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in current agricultural production.
Change the general implementation as the key. Consideration should be given to the application of P-deficient land to eliminate phosphorus deficiency, which is the limiting factor for increased production. Infertile plots that are generally far away from the villages, new flat lands, and land plots that are less frequently used for farmhouse fertilizers should be given priority. As far as soil quality is concerned, the use of phosphate fertilizers in yellow, red soil, yellow mud fields, ducks, muddy fields, and cold-water immersed fields increases production significantly. Fertilizers, loams, and plots of large-scale continuous application of phosphate fertilizers in past years can be used less properly. For crops, they should be applied to crops that are most sensitive to phosphorus, such as rice, oilseed rape, wheat, cotton, peanuts, beans, potatoes, melons, or milk vetch, etc. Phosphorus increase nitrogen effect.
Change the applicator to acupoints. Phosphate must first be dissolved and dissociated by water, and the roots or stems and leaves of crops can be used to absorb and use them successfully. Therefore, if phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the surface or dry soil during application, it will cause waste and loss. Therefore, the best application of phosphorus in rice is to use phosphorus fertilizer to stick roots, or deep in the furrows. Phosphorus applied to dry soil crops can be seeded with phosphate fertilizers, or applied in a hole or plant, so that it can be concentrated around the seeds or roots, and the phosphate fertilizer can be delivered to the "mouth" of the root system.
Change topdressing as a basis. Phosphorus is very easy to chemically change with iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and other elements in the soil, and becomes insoluble phosphate fertilizer. This is called "fixation effect of phosphate fertilizer." Therefore, when applying phosphorus, it is better to mix organic fertilizers (such as farmyard manure) together and allow the organic fertilizers to be adsorbed and decomposed before they are applied to the soil. Because in the process of accumulation, organic fertilizer can decompose organic acids and emit heat, which can promote the solubility of phosphate fertilizer, thereby increasing the effective content of phosphate fertilizer. In addition, the humus formed during the decomposing process of organic manure is amphoteric colloid. In acidic or alkaline soil, it can act as a buffer to keep the soil close to a neutral environment, thereby increasing the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, a one-time application of phosphate fertilizer can not only enhance fertilizer efficiency, but also reduce fixation.
Change a single application to a mixed application. The currently used superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphorite ore, etc., contain only phosphorus, but no nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer combined with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used to coordinate the needs of crops for nutrients and to exert nitrogen. The mutual promotion effect of phosphorus and potassium has a significant increase in the yield-increasing effect compared with applying phosphorus alone. The commonly used mixing ratio is nitrogen:phosphorous:potassium 1:2:2. Phosphate fertilizers, especially calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers and organic fertilizers, can convert those insoluble phosphates in phosphate fertilizers into available phosphorus that can be easily absorbed by crops.
Change the soil and apply it as a foliar spray. Phosphate fertilizers have a small range of movement in the soil. Unlike nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, they can move vertically and horizontally in the soil. In addition, the late crops flourish, the field is inconvenient to operate, the roots are gradually aging, and the ability to absorb nutrients is weakened, often resulting in phosphorus deficiency. Phosphate fertilizers are sprayed on the leaves to increase the yield. The water-soluble superphosphate can be sprayed on the leaves of the water, so that phosphorus enters the body through the pores or stratum corneum of the leaves. Rice and other gramineous crops can be sprayed at a concentration of 2% to 3%, and rapeseed and vegetables can be used at a concentration of 1%. After sunny morning morning dew or dry evening before spraying, there is a significant increase in production.