Soil Testing Fertilization Seed sowing seeds in spring, after three months of hard work, has been harvested. “The 728,000 tons of fertilizer is used to save costs and increase efficiency by 65.2 billion yuanâ€. This figure of increase and decrease is the latest statistics of the Joint Conference of Soil Testing, Fertilizer, and Formula Fertilization of the Ministry of Agriculture. It is also the best explanation for the benefits of soil testing and formula fertilization. .
Increase production and increase efficiency
The relevant experts estimated that soil testing, formula fertilization was more than 5% higher than the conventional fertilization of grain crops, and cotton, oil, vegetables, and other economic crops increased by an average of more than 10%. So, how is the practice in various regions?
According to statistics on production of summer grain in Henan, the province's 525 million mu of winter wheat with soil testing and formula fertilization generally increased by 8% to 15% compared with the control wheat fields. The average yield of wheat per acre was 28kg, and the average fertilizer investment per acre was 6~10yuan. , The average annual increase of efficiency is 47 yuan, and the province achieves savings of 246.75 million yuan.
The Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station analyzed the growing situation of rice and corn in the current spring and used rice with special formula fertilizer. The number of tillers per acre reached 170,000 to 270,000, and the conventional fertilization was only about 100,000. At the same time the plants are robust and their seedlings are normal. According to the survey of 100 acres of soil core fertilizers in key agriculture towns of science and technology, it is estimated that the large-scale yield of fertilized farmland can reach 650 kilograms, which is more than 30% higher than that of conventional fertilization 500 kilograms; (Height, stalk thickness, leaf number, and leaf color, etc.) are significantly better than conventional fertilization. It is expected that the yield can reach more than 450 kg, which is 28% more than 350 kg of conventional fertilization. Due to the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, organic fertilizers have received attention. The area of ​​straw mulching and straw returning has increased from 630,000 mu last year to 2 million mu this year, and it is expected that the income will increase by more than 80 yuan per mu.
Adjacent to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia, Guangdong Province, through soil testing and fertilizer application technology, effectively improved the quality of superior crops and enhanced the competitiveness of the province's agricultural products. The results of the controlled trials showed that after the implementation of formula fertilization, rice quality was significantly improved, the percentage of whole polished rice increased by 3.1 percentage points, the chalkiness decreased by 6.5 percentage points, the protein increased by 0.35 percentage points, and the sugar content of sugarcane increased by 0.51 percentage points. The sugar content increased by 0.32 percentage points; citrus orange sweetness increased, acidity decreased; pineapple sugar increased by 1.43 percentage points, acidity decreased by 0.075 percentage points, and the flesh was strong, with less fiber and sweet taste. According to the results of surveys conducted by Shaanxi Province in recent years, the results of the survey and unification demonstration base show that the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization can increase grain yield by an average of 8% to 15% for grain and oil crops, increase the net profit by 20 to 50 yuan per mu, and increase the yield by 12% to 20% for fruit trees. %, Mu gains 100 to 200 yuan. Through carrying out soil testing and formula fertilization, the intensity of farmland fertility construction has been increased. During the three summers of this year, the area covered by wheat stalks remaining in the province was more than 11% higher than in previous years.
Reduce costs and reduce pollution
The reporter heard of such a thing. Since the second half of last year in Hunan Province, fertilizer prices have been stubbornly high. Some farmers think that the cost of chemical fertilizers is too high, and the economic benefits of planting grain are not high, and plan to reduce the planting area of ​​double cropping rice. Through the propaganda and training of agricultural technicians and technical training, many farmers’ friends took detailed notes on soil testing and formula fertilization, and felt that after the reduction in the cost of fertilizer, the benefits of growing grain increased. Farmers felt that they had a head and double rice area. Not only did it not reduce, but it increased. Hengnan County Fertilizer Station surveyed 5 villages and 1,517 households in the high-quality rice demonstration area. The originally planned grain sown area was 619.3 hectares. Through conducting soil testing and formulating fertilization, the actual grain sown area was 690.7 hectares, an increase of 11.5 percent from the original planning area. %.
The province of Jilin, a large agricultural province, has a total investment of 5.3 billion yuan for planting industry. Among them, the investment in chemical fertilizer accounts for more than 50% of the total investment in crop production. According to statistics, compared with the conventional fertilization zone, the fertilization amount in this year's soil testing and formula fertilization zone has reduced the input of fertilizer by an average of 8.1%, reducing the fertilizer input by 207 yuan per hectare, and reducing the investment in fertilizer production by 138 million yuan in the soil testing and fertilizer application area. (Fertilizers are calculated at 2560 yuan/ton). Although the fertilizer input has been reduced, the crop growth in the field of soil testing and fertilizer application is generally better.
Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, cooperated with the spring practice of soil testing and formulating fertilization this year, carrying out 79 counterfeiting of fertilizers, seizing and processing 1387 tons of inferior fertilizers, and avoiding the pollution of inferior agricultural fertilizers to the agricultural environment. At the same time, large-scale processing of livestock manure and waste resources is used to produce organic bio-fertilizers, which reduces the pollution of aquaculture waste to the agricultural environment.
Relevant studies have shown that the majority of crop diseases are caused by imbalance of nutrients, especially potassium and trace elements. The overall level of agricultural product quality is not very high and there is a large relationship between unreasonable fertilization. The large amount of fertilizer, especially partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, aggravated the occurrence of diseases. The content of nitrate in vegetables was high, and some quality indicators of fruits were reduced. The implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization can reduce the crop disease, greatly reduce the use of pesticides, the crop grows robustly, and has strong resistance to disease and stress. This will not only save the cost of pesticide application, but also reduce pesticide pollution and improve and improve the quality of agricultural products. The soil testing and formula fertilization can gradually increase the fertilizer utilization rate, effectively reduce the volatilization of nutrients, infiltrate into the ground or into rivers, and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution.
Sustainable development strategy
Soil testing, formula fertilization, and spring operations ended at the end of June, but soil testing and formula fertilization did not end. The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture that relevant departments are currently formulating soil testing and formulating fertilization plans and formulating technical specifications. Prepare a national master plan for soil testing and formula fertilization, research and develop technical equipment for soil testing and fertilizer application, and establish technical standards and methods for sampling, soil testing, formulation, testing, fertilization, and establish fertilization indicators for major crops in different regions. We have prepared and issued a special fiscal implementation plan and fund management interim measures for soil testing, formula fertilization, and started pilot work. At the same time, set out to formulate a fall action plan.
In the fall and winter season, the relevant departments will increase the efforts to rectify the fertilizer wholesale markets and specialized markets and business units at county and township levels. Strengthen the quality supervision of fertilizers, and investigate and punish illegal production and business units according to law. Increase the publicity and training of peasants in identifying fertilizers and discriminating fertilizers, and raising farmers' level of self-protection against fraud. Through all-round reorganization of the agricultural capital market, farmers are assured of safe use of fertilizers. Bigger harvest and long-term benefits are still in the future. Source: Farmers Daily Author: Lin Dongsheng