Drying is an important step in food processing and production, and it is also a key link in food processing and production. Drying mechanization technology is based on machinery as the main means, using the corresponding process and technical measures, artificially controlling the temperature, humidity and other factors, without reducing the quality of food raw materials under the premise of reducing the moisture content of food to meet the national safe storage standards Drying technology.
The Necessity and Urgency of Popularizing Mechanized Drying Technology
At present, the domestic dry machinery holdings increase rapidly at an average annual growth rate of around 50%. However, mechanically dried grains account for only about 1% of the country's total grain output each year, while mechanical grain drying in developed countries can reach 95% of the total output. Around, it can be seen that the development of grain drying machinery in China is far from being able to adapt to the development needs of grain production.
1. The rapid development of mechanized harvesting breaks the coordination and balance among the original production processes, resulting in a decline in food quality and loss
There are many links in agricultural production. After many years of accumulation and improvement, it has been possible to form a set of coordinated and balanced production modes. In the early years of artificial harvesting, rice was usually air-dried in the field for a day or two after harvesting. On the one hand, it had a certain after-ripening effect, and the main reason was to reduce the grain moisture (usually below 18%), after threshing. Rice can be stored for a short period of time without deterioration. The grain is then batched and dried on a small field to achieve long-term storage of water (about 14.5%). The rapid advancement of mechanized harvesting and cross-regional operations in recent years have resulted in a highly efficient and rapid mechanized harvesting method that is seriously incompatible with the original method of grain drying, resulting in the inability of large quantities of high-moisture cereals to be promptly dried (no field, no afternoon or late afternoon harvest, and no drying). When they are stored in their pockets or stacked together, they begin to heat over time (within hours), resulting in a large drop in the taste and quality of the rice, a long period of time and even mildew.
2. New rural construction needs mechanized grain drying
The guidelines for the construction of a new socialist countryside in some provinces and cities (such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc.) have made detailed provisions on the construction of new rural facilities in terms of facilities and environment. Mechanized drying can eliminate hidden traffic hazards caused by drying food on highways. It can also make the environment behind the house in front of the house clean and tidy.
3. Improve people's quality of life and produce truly high-quality grains that require mechanized grain drying
In order to meet people’s increasing demand for quality of life, in addition to varieties, cultivation methods, and growth environments, high-quality rice production requires timely and scientific drying and storage methods and equipment to ensure the biological activity and freshness of each grain. According to foreign experience, high-moisture cereals should be machine-dried within 3 hours of harvesting, and their moisture content should be reduced to safe storage standards within 24 hours to ensure that their biological activity and quality are not affected.
4. Mechanized drying will significantly reduce food losses and save land occupation
The adoption of dry mechanization technology makes the drying of grain unrestrained by climate, site conditions, etc. In particular, it encounters rainy and disastrous weather during the harvest season, which can significantly reduce mildew loss. For example, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, the rice harvest season is always rainy and cool, which is not conducive to drying operations. The popularization and promotion of grain dryers can reduce the use of land for drying fields (the ratio of drying area to grain planting area in large-scale planting areas is 1% to 1.5%). A drying machine with a 12-ton drying machine can meet the grain planting area of ​​600 acres can be replaced. Out of 6 acres of drying field, Jiangsu Province, 30 million acres of rice area, can save 300,000 acres of land for drying sites, for the lack of land resources in Jiangsu has great practical significance.
5. It is conducive to realizing the scale of agricultural production, promoting the transfer of land, the transfer of agricultural labor force and the construction of rural urbanization.
With the continuous increase in the cost of labor, the relative cost of machinery production will decline, its advantages will gradually manifest, and it will gradually replace manpower.
Misunderstanding of the dryer
1, too short drying time is not necessarily efficient
The drying process of rice and other food crops is a very complicated process of quantitative change, which is determined by the physical and physiological characteristics of the grain itself. The curve drawn by the professional technicians for the evaporation time of the grain moisture is almost in line with the parabola. In general, when the grain's own moisture is as high as 20% to 30%, it can drop by an average of 1 to 2% or more per hour; when the grain's own moisture drops to 15% to 20%, the average Decreasing moisture per hour may be between 0.3 and 1 percentage point; when the grain's own moisture is below 15%, the evaporation of moisture per hour may be lower. In order to ensure the quality of dried cereals, regular dryer manufacturers use electronic information technology to control the heat to achieve a gradual descending operation of the dryer according to the aforementioned parabola. If users are misled and tempted by individual unscrupulous manufacturers, blindly pursuing drying time, the quality of dried food will inevitably be greatly reduced, not only with a high waist rate, a high rate of broken rice, but also with a turbid color, product phase and nutritional value. affected.
2, the use of more cost is dependent on fuel costs
The working principle of the circulating dryer is to convert heat energy into hot air, and then use the hot air circulation to achieve the purpose of evaporating the grain moisture. Common circulation dryers on the market can basically match burners for combustion oil, natural gas, electricity, coal, and various vegetable substances. The cost of use depends more on the fuel chosen, not on drying. Machine itself. Even if different products are different due to their own structural design, precision, etc., the difference is minimal. When the user chooses to purchase, he must pay more attention to the design structure and production process of the entire product, and must not be “fudged†by individual unscrupulous manufacturers.
3, domestic brands may not be as good as imported products
Due to the late start of China's basic industries, there is still a certain gap between the overall performance of mechanical products and foreign brands, but not everything falls behind "Toyo". Such as cereal dryer industry, gold, Yamamoto and other Japanese brands in the moisture meter, electric control box and other parts of the performance is indeed relatively stable, but Yiming and other domestic brands in the use of materials, work is not inferior, especially in Taizhou The Mingming series of dryers produced by Mingming Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd. have changed the industry's traditional auger-type food delivery method, and the world’s first conveyor belt to send grain structure has not only effectively cracked the high rate of grain breakage during grain drying. The problem, and this patented technology brings a lot of benefits to the user. According to the reduction of breakage rate by two percentage points, each 10-ton dryer will dry one grain of food per day, which will reduce the consumption of 200kg. The value is about 500 yuan.
4, blindly low price does not mean that cost-effective
According to a survey, the average cost for producing and selling a 10-ton dryer is: the cost of materials and equipment is between 48,000 and 52,000 yuan, the financial cost is between 2500 and 3,000 yuan, and the tax is between 2500 and 3,000 yuan. , together with the production cost of 6,000 yuan, the sales promotion cost of about 5,000 yuan each, and the after-sales three-pack cost of about 5,000 yuan, these direct expenses will be between 69,000 and 74,000 yuan; if the depreciation cost of plant and equipment is to be amortized For projects with reasonable profit and other costs, even if R&D costs are not taken into consideration, the ex-factory price is at least between 80,000 and 90,000 yuan.
In addition, various equipment companies must also pay attention to energy saving and comprehensive energy utilization in the development process, such as adopting various joint heating methods, transplanting heat pump and heat pipe technology, developing solar dryers, etc., and developing drum dryers. The automatic control technology to ensure the realization of optimal operating conditions; In addition, with the human attention to environmental protection, improve the drum dryer environmental protection measures to reduce the leakage of dust and exhaust gas, etc., will also require in-depth study The direction.
The rapid development of the dryer is worthy of joy. It shows from a certain aspect that the machinery industry has recovered. How to achieve "energy saving" requires enterprises to take market demand as the fundamental starting point and destination point, and to research and develop new technologies with independent intellectual property rights so as to finally achieve the production of energy-saving products.
This requires the drying equipment industry to continue to adhere to the general principle of "stability for progress," and to make new progress in solving outstanding problems such as "unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable" development, and strive to achieve rapid, good, and fast results. .
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