At present, the industrialization of electric vehicles faces two major difficulties: First, compared with the development of mature fuel vehicles, the advantages of reducing emissions and reducing dependence on oil are all “external†benefits. From the perspective of consumers, it is obviously “uneconomicalâ€, “inconvenient†and “not at easeâ€. Therefore, the current replacement of automotive power technology is not due to the fuel vehicle production and consumption itself, which leads to the lack of endogenous power for the production and sales of electric vehicles. Second, there is always confusion in the early stage of industrialization, such as technology maturity, market price, infrastructure and large-scale market “chicken or egg firstâ€. This has made governments the first driving force for the development of electric vehicles.
The promotion policies of domestic and foreign governments can be divided into three categories: first, incentive policies, second, restrictive policies, and third, supportive policies. The most sensitive in the short-term market is government subsidies.
China's first phase of financial subsidies for electric vehicles began in 2010 and expired in 2012. As the new round of policies was not received in time, production and sales quickly fell. In July last year, the relevant policies that strongly supported the development of electric vehicles were intensively introduced, and the market soon showed another small climax. All kinds of situations show that the current electric vehicle is still a market that is highly dependent on policies and has not yet emerged from the "industrialization dilemma."
However, the automobile is a high-value product. The automobile industry is a huge industry. The government subsidy can only be promoted. It helps the industry to step on the stage of independent development of the market. It is impossible to extend the subsidy for ten or twenty years. Go on.
At present, in terms of improving national policies, there are still some issues worthy of further study and discussion in China.
First, orderly and large-scale relaxation of market access The electrification of automotive technology and the intersection of informationization, intelligence, and energy revolution have formed a world-famous innovation platform. There are many opportunities on this platform, providing a wealth of imagination for many industries. Despite the great uncertainties and risks, this platform is attracting many innovators, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs who are willing to take the risk. Tesla's emergence and Google's first push for driverlessness and other examples show that new entrants will bring new thinking, introduce cross-border technology, accelerate the trial and error process, spread trial and error costs, and promote industrial upgrading and An essential element of success. It is difficult for the government to predict which innovations and which companies will ultimately win. It should welcome the participation of new entrants in the automotive and non-automotive industries, explore once in competition, and make successful people stand out.
The electrification of automotive power technology has provided the Chinese auto industry with a chance to catch up in the past 100 years, but we rarely experience the process of an industry from independent research and development to maturity. According to the traditional approach, when the opportunity comes to the temporary government, the first concern is who can enter, who can't enter, and the government can make a judgment. This makes it difficult for China to give birth to Tesla, and it is difficult to have a driverless car.
Nowadays, the technology, industrial chain and business model of electric vehicles in China are moving towards a mature process. On the one hand, we need to accelerate the process of innovation and trial and error. On the other hand, the government cannot guarantee who can succeed. At this time, the government should not “incite†the entrants or impose excessive restrictions. Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs who invest in their real money and silver may have their own ideas, but they are all rational. Most of the entrants may eventually be eliminated, but they must not give them a chance. They are accelerating the exploration process with their own efforts, including technological innovation, product definition, business model, financing model, etc., which may contribute new sparks in trial and error. Therefore, in the field of electric vehicles, the market should be given full play and guidance; the market access should be relaxed in an orderly and large-scale manner, allowing investors to make decisions on their own and at their own risk; the government will turn to an innovation-driven regulatory approach. Set up a market platform, assume the role of external regulators and gatekeepers, and form a dynamic and orderly competition.
Second, explore potential markets and open up market exports. Entering the stage of industrialization, the most difficult bottleneck is the export of the market. The replacement of mainstream fuel vehicles by electric technology has to go through a long process. How to get through the long incubation period without abortion? Opening market exports in a timely manner is almost more important than anything else. An important policy idea is to encourage and support enterprises to find out the market segments in which the current technology maturity can be better supported and accepted by the wider market, while allowing the electric technology to Under the policy support, it relies mainly on the power of the market to operate, while developing while profiting.
At present, some of the medium-sized mainstream fuel vehicles are still facing two major obstacles: one is that the battery is expensive, the specific energy is low, and the driving range is low; the other is that the charging facility is difficult to meet the demand in the short term, which leads to the continued driving. Higher mileage requirements. This makes pure electric vehicles seem uneconomical, inconvenient, and unreliable. But this does not mean that it is the same in all market segments.
From the product point of view, the high-end car represented by Tesla has become the new favorite of the market in the second car consumer who is not sensitive to price and pursues high-end, fashion and environmental protection; plug-in (extended range) electric car Because it better balances the purchase price, the use cost, the pure electric mileage and the contradiction on the charging device, it is accepted by more consumers. Small, short-distance, low-speed utility electric vehicles are splendid in some small and medium-sized cities and urban and rural areas in China, where the problems of high car prices, difficult charging, and short driving are basically absent. Last year, the market size was estimated at 400,000 units. Some experts predict that if the policy is right, it will soon develop into a large market of one million units or even ten million units. If there is such a large-scale market support, it is possible to increase the way of industrialization of electric vehicles with Chinese characteristics.
In the business model, the business model of “Time-based leasing, renting and selling, renting and promoting†represented by Beijing’s “Electric Beijing, Partner Program†and Hangzhou’s “Micro-Bus†is emerging. About 1200 vehicles in Hangzhou have been operating, and cities such as Chengdu and Wuhan are expected to follow up. In the case of consumers still have some doubts, the problem of high car prices is solved by renting and selling; only use, regardless of charging, solves the problem of difficulty in charging; it is aimed at short-distance demand and meets the driving range. Requirements; use stereo garage parking and automatic trough charging to solve the problem of parking and charging; low cost of use, and can meet the preference of self-driving, is a promising business model to open the market at this stage.
There is uncertainty in the development of the market. The government supports the development of electric vehicles, but should maintain technology neutrality, encourage enterprises to explore market demand, open up market segments, and create conditions for the formation of new markets. If necessary, on the basis of serious research and judgment These standards and rules are adjusted. Around 2000, the United States and the European Union released this potential market in time to meet the consumption needs of low-speed electric vehicles and timely modify road traffic regulations. Recently, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have successively studied legislation on driverless cars, and some cities have begun to loosen their roads. These practices of supporting innovation and nurturing industries are worth learning from.
The electrification of automotive power technology has experienced several downturns. China's electric vehicles want to mature all the way, and there are still great difficulties. The timely exploration of market segments and the continued support of the market under the support of the government is an option for success.
Third, break local protection and barriers, and establish a good industrial ecology. Some local electric vehicle pilot cities have long-term local protection and market barriers. The closer to industrialization, the more obvious this trend. Some cities set the local access list for electric vehicles, with the target “guarantee†and targeted “pressureâ€; some cities require the city to sell locally, and some use local batteries and electric components. Some urban charging piles can only be invested and built by local enterprises. One city has done this, and other cities have followed suit, leading to the fragmentation of smaller markets in the early days of industrialization. This policy that violates the laws of the market has already caused great harm to the electric vehicle industry.
Electric vehicles, batteries, electric components, and charging pile construction and leasing operations are all industries with obvious scale effects. Only through competition can the outstanding people stand out and further increase the industrial concentration through mergers and acquisitions. The separatist market has caused competitive enterprises to fail to develop well. Vulnerable enterprises rely on government protection and lose opportunities to improve their competitiveness in competition. This self-mutilation policy is difficult to cultivate the competitiveness of China's electric vehicle industry, and it is likely to delay the industrialization process. Therefore, we should conscientiously implement the various market protection regulations prohibited by the State Council and establish an orderly competitive industrial ecology for the development of electric vehicles.
Fourth, the government's policy portfolio should give the whole society a long-term stable expectation. The automobile industry chain is particularly long. The major changes in its power technology involve not only major adjustments in the automobile industry, but also the country's resource development and utilization, energy structure adjustment, and infrastructure. Reconstruction and construction, until the transformation of transportation mode and the idea of ​​intelligent transportation and smart city construction. It requires a long period of time for government departments, many industries, and a large number of companies to participate, innovate and invest. Therefore, while the electric vehicle is raised to the national strategy, the government should give the whole society a long-term stable expectation, so that electric vehicles can be included in the long-term development strategy of related industries and enterprises. The policy of a few years starting in 2010, including the formulation of three-year and five-year policies, has become unsuitable. Not only will there be greater market volatility during the policy convergence period, but more importantly, it will not be sufficient to guide long-term behaviors of enterprises and consumers.
In recent years, the rise and fall of electric vehicles has shown that the market is very sensitive to policies, and government policies can effectively guide the behavior of enterprises and consumers. How far can the road to escort the development of electric vehicles with financial subsidies go? This is an important factor affecting market behavior. Its uncertainty has caused many companies to step on two boats and ready to withdraw.
The Zero Emissions Vehicle Act introduced by California has important reference significance. The basic principle is that the government can announce the proportion of zero-emission vehicles in the new car in the next five, ten or even 20 years. If the total number of cars sold by the manufacturer is not reached, it must purchase indicators from other companies or accept fines. This policy idea is worth learning. First, this is a cross-subsidy between high-emission and zero-emission or low-emission vehicles. It is consistent with the principle of carbon trading, more rational than financial subsidies. Second, it can reduce fiscal Pressure to eliminate the "government subsidies for the rich" question; third, the release of the government's long-term commitment to car electrification, can give the market, including infrastructure construction, a stable expectation; Fourth, for the enterprise is "carrots increase "Better", which embodies the "protection and pressure", has a strong incentive and the role of forced, will urge manufacturers and the government to achieve the goal; Fifth, with the realization of the goal, the government can smoothly decline.
The industrialization of electric vehicles must ultimately be completed by relying on the market. In the transition process, the government's shot is based on the prudent judgment on the externalities and industrialization prospects of electric vehicles. The reason why the government subsidizes is based on the fact that it can be gradually withdrawn in a short period of time, so that the industry can develop on its own. Therefore, the government's policy mix, first, must generate long-term expectations, and guide the long-term strategy of related industries and enterprises; second, promote policies should leverage the market to explore and release the potential of the market; third, the government's policy should be incentives It does not distort the market and does not weaken competition. Fourth, the implementation of the policy is not directed at the government, but the timely decline of the role of the government.
smtplaza provides SMT Panasonic feeders,SMD Panasonic Feeder, Panasonic CM fedders, Panasonic BM feeders, Panasonic feeders,SMT Panasonic CM402 feeder, Fuji W08C feeder, SMT Panasonic Tape Feeder,SMT Panasonic Motor Feeder,with good quality and best price, and excellent searvice warranty.
Panasonic CM Feeder,Panasonic Stick Feeder,Panasonic Feeder Calibrator,Panasonic Npm Feeder With Sensor,Smt Feeder For Panasonic Machine,Panasonic Emboss Feeder
SMTPLAZA CO., LIMITED , http://www.smtpartsupply.com