Agricultural weather station construction background
Agricultural meteorological disasters generally refer to the general term for adverse weather or climate anomalies that result in a significant reduction in crop production during agricultural production. The occurrence of agricultural meteorological disasters and their hazards are determined by climate anomalies and agricultural objects. The impacts are often on a large scale. Agricultural meteorological disasters are a major threat to agricultural production and cause large fluctuations in food production. The use of small meteorological stations for damage assessment and disaster grading is an important area for disaster research. In recent years, with the continuous development of various new theories and techniques and cross-disciplines, some scholars and scientists and technicians have used new methods to discuss disaster damage assessment methods and the classification of disaster levels from different perspectives. The qualitative analysis and description of the development are combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the entire evaluation process can be calculated and analyzed quantitatively. For example, the gray meteorological analysis method is used to evaluate the agricultural meteorological disasters in Fujian and Hebei, and the influencing factors are studied. There are few reports on the research and assessment of agricultural meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province.
Liaoning Province is on the east coast of Eurasia and belongs to the temperate monsoon continental climate. There are ups and downs in the mountains on both sides of the east and west, and the plains in the central plains. The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, short spring and autumn, rain and heat in the same season, long cold period, rich sunshine, dry eastern and western dryness, and plain wind. Because of its special geography and climatic conditions, Liaoning Province has become one of the regions where meteorological disasters frequently occur in China. It has many types, a wide range, a significant chain reaction, a prominent group, high frequency, and severe disasters. There are spring droughts in spring in western Liaoning. Summer storms often cause floods and torrential mudslides. In spring and autumn, strong winds, hail and frost, and low-temperature damage in summer, winter cold waves, snowstorms, and other severe weather often give life to the country and people. Property brings significant losses. Liaoning Province is a typical agricultural resource-constrained region. The planting industry is basically a year old, but its resource conditions and resource quality are relatively good. For this purpose, the author selected four kinds of meteorological disasters that have great impact on agriculture in Liaoning Province, including drought, flood, wind hail, and low-temperature freezing, and tried to study the occurrence and assessment methods of agricultural meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province, and further analyzed The impact of agricultural meteorological disasters on grain yield provides a basis for comprehensive defense of meteorological disasters in agriculture.
The Necessity of Building Agricultural Meteorological Stations
(1) Severe weather directly affects agricultural production, and the degree of agricultural disaster is negatively correlated with the corresponding year's yield. Since 1971, the overall grain output in Liaoning Province has been rising, with an increase rate of 210.2@104t/10a. However, with the occurrence of agricultural meteorological disasters, the food production and the extent of disasters fluctuate periodically. In 1989, 1997 and 2000, the agro-meteorological disasters were relatively serious. The comprehensive disaster conditions were severely affected and the grain output was severely reduced accordingly.
(2) According to the monitoring data of intelligent agricultural environment detectors, the highest frequency of drought disasters occurred in the 4 types of agricultural meteorological disasters, and the largest weight of disasters was 63.0%, which was the main factor affecting agricultural production. Under the background of climate warming, the lowest frequency of low-temperature freezing damage occurred in Liaoning Province, and the proportion of disasters was the lowest, accounting for 3.9%.
(3) Low temperature damage is mainly caused by minor disasters, and other disasters are mainly caused by minor disasters. Droughts caused disasters and severe disasters for 8 years, more than other disasters. Comprehensive assessment of agricultural meteorological disasters was dominated by minor disasters, which accounted for 39% of the total years, mild disasters accounted for 26%, and major disasters and heavy disasters were the least, both accounting for 8%. The disaster index of agricultural meteorological disasters has increased by 0.61 every ten years, that is, the damage of agricultural meteorological disasters to agriculture has been increasing with time; from 1971 to 1993, it was a relatively light disaster period, and from 1994 to 2003, it was a period of heavy disaster.
(4) Drought disasters show certain regular fluctuations. The disaster area has increased at a rate of 1.08@104hm2/10a, and the proportion of disasters has also increased at a rate of 5.7%/10a. Since 1988, the proportion of disasters has basically been above 50%. At the same time, the variability of the drought rate increased by 0.31 every 10 years, that is, the extent of the drought increased.
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